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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
1994 VOTING PRACTICES IN THE UNITED NATIONS
BUREAU OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANAIZATION AFFAIRS
Voting Practices in the United Nations, 1994
Report to Congress
Submitted Pursuant to Public Law, 101-167
March 31, 1995
IV: GENERAL ASSEMBLY ÷ CONSENSUS ACTIONS
Of the 297 resolutions adopted by the 49th UNGA in 1994, 230 (77.4%)
were by consensus. In addition, 71 of 74 decisions were adopted by
consensus. Combining resolutions and decisions, the percentage of those
adopted by consensus was 81.1%. The percentage of resolutions adopted by
consensus thus remains at approximately last year's level, but is
significantly higher than in the earlier years for which these reports
have been compiled. The number of plenary votes is considerably below
what it was just a few years ago. The number of plenary votes on
resolutions and decisions is less than half the total seven years
earlier at the 42nd UNGA.
The following table illustrates these developments:
Resolutions and Decisions
------------------------------------------------------------------
Percentage
UNGA Votes Consensus Total Consensus
-------------------------------------------------------------------
49th 70 301 371 81.1%
48th 66 298 364 81.9%
47th 78 265 343 77.3%
46th 76 272 348 78.2%
45th 90 297 387 76.7%
44th 119 272 391 69.6%
43rd 138 245 383 64.0%
42nd 154 224 378 60.6%
The important resolutions listed and discussed below were adopted by
consensus at the 49th UNGA. All were selected on the same basis used in
determining important votes discussed in Section III above, i.e., they
were "issues which directly affected United States interests and on
which the United States lobbied intensively."
This section has two parts. The first lists and describes the 24
important consensus resolutions adopted at the 49th UNGA. The second
statistically incorporates these important consensus resolutions with
important votes at the 49th UNGA to provide a different perspective on
the degree of support for U.S. positions at the United Nations.
IMPORTANT CONSENSUS RESOLUTIONS
The following 24 consensus agreements are identified by shortened
titles. Each listing provides the resolution number, date of adoption, a
summary description, and an explanation of the U.S. position. The
resolutions are listed in numerical order.
1. Disaster Early Warning System
A/Res/49/22B December 20
Requests that the Secretary General report on early warning capacities
in the UN system and make proposals on how they may be improved and
better coordinated in order to provide for an adequate response to
recurring natural and man-made disasters.
The United States joined consensus on this resolution because of the
pressing need for planning together to meet future disasters and
emergencies with greater efficiency and success, and early warning of an
impending crisis is an essential part of such planning.
2. Situation in Haiti
A/Res/49/27 December 5
Expresses appreciation to all countries assisting the Haitian people in
their efforts to return to a constitutional order and democracy; pays
tribute to efforts of President Aristide and other Haitian leaders and
governmental bodies to lead the country out of its crisis; commends
progress in preparations for parliamentary and municipal elections as a
further stage in strengthening democracy; and urges increased assistance
in Haiti in support of efforts to strengthen institutions responsible
for dispensing justice and guaranteeing democracy, respect for human
rights, political stability, and economic development.
This resolution reflects U.S. policy and efforts to restore democracy in
Haiti.
3. Comprehensive Review of Peacekeeping Operations
A/Res/49/37 December 9
Stresses that peacekeeping operations contribute to, but are not a
substitute for, political settlement of disputes, and should be preceded
and accompanied by the use of all possible means for a peaceful
settlement; expresses the belief that a clear and precise formulation of
the mandate, incorporating achievable objectives, within a clear time-
frame, which should contribute to a political solution, and which are
clearly related to the availability of resources, is of paramount
importance; calls for enhanced consultations with troop-contributing
countries; requests that the Secretary General continue to provide
analytic reports on the performance of all peacekeeping operations;
stresses the need for a unified and well-defined UN command and control
structure; urges that immediate steps be taken to strengthen
arrangements for political direction, military command and control, and
consultations, as well as to improve coordination with humanitarian and
other civilian aspects of peacekeeping operations; calls upon member
states to pay their assessed contributions in full and on time; calls
for a better mechanism of financial control, including reinforcement of
audit and inspection mechanisms; welcomes the work of the Stand-by
Forces Unit, and looks forward to the completion of the compilation of
lists of units, forces, capabilities, or resources that member states
would be prepared to put at UN disposal; notes the growing weight of the
civilian component in peacekeeping operations and, in this respect,
requests that the Secretary General develop a proposal for regularly
updating data banks recording the type and availability of resources
that member states could provide; welcomes the creation of a Policy and
Analysis Unit and a Planning Division in the UN Department of
Peacekeeping Operations; requests that the Secretary General strengthen
further the civilian police function in the UN, with particular
attention to planning, training, logistical support, and standardized
doctrine and procedures; stresses the need for security of UN personnel
to be an integral part of the planning of any peacekeeping operation;
notes the importance of concluding arrangements between the United
Nations and troop contributors before deployment occurs; stresses the
need for the United Nations to adopt a more active approach to public
information policy for peacekeeping operations, to keep local
populations informed, to facilitate constructive communication between
the parties, and to provide the international media with objective
information so as to promote a more accurate understanding of UN action;
recognizes that the United Nations should establish basic guidelines and
performance standards for training of personnel for peacekeeping
operations, while recognizing that training is essentially the
responsibility of member states, and welcomes the development of
training manuals and encourages establishment of peacekeeping training
centers; stresses the need to enhance cooperation and coordination
between the United Nations and regional organizations able to assist in
peacekeeping activities; and decides that the Special Committee on
Peacekeeping Operations should continue its efforts for a comprehensive
review of peacekeeping operations.
Through this resolution, the U.S. supported strengthening the UN
peacekeeping infrastructure, particularly the activities regarding
civilian police, peacekeeping training, and public affairs programs. The
resolution is a comprehensive and precise statement of member state
views that will assist the Secretariat as it strengthens peacekeeping
infrastructure and policies.
4. Conference on International Criminal Court
A/Res/49/53 December 9
Decides to establish an ad hoc committee to review the issues arising
out of the draft statute for an international criminal court prepared by
the International Law Commission and, in light of that review, to
consider arrangements for the convening of an international conference;
decides that the ad hoc committee will meet in April 1995 and, if it so
decides, again in August 1995, and submit its report to the General
Assembly in September 1995; and invites member states to submit written
comments on the draft statute to the Secretary General.
The United States strongly supported the ad hoc committee approach in
this resolution, and believes a compelling case can be made for a
permanent court to try crimes under international humanitarian law,
where prosecutions will directly affect issues of peace and security and
where no other forum will suffice.
5. Attacks on UN Personnel
A/Res/49/59 December 9
Adopts and opens for signature and ratification the Convention on the
Safety of UN and associated personnel; urges states to take measures to
ensure the safety of UN personnel in their territory; and underlines the
importance of a comprehensive review of arrangements for compensation
for death, disability, injury, or illness attributable to peacekeeping
service, with a view to developing equitable arrangements and to
ensuring expeditious reimbursement. (The text of the Convention is
annexed to the resolution.)
This resolution achieves an important goal of U.S. peacekeeping policy.
It corrects an important deficiency in international law by enlarging
legal protection for UN peacekeepers and others associated with
operations under a UN mandate.
6. Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
A/Res/49/70 December 15
Welcomes the multilateral negotiation on a comprehensive nuclear-test-
ban treaty (CTBT) and urges all participants to negotiate intensively to
conclude a universal and verifiable treaty that contributes to nuclear
disarmament and prevention of the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
The United States cosponsored this resolution, which provided an
encouraging backdrop to the continuation of the CTBT negotiations in
Geneva and advances the U.S. goal of reaching a universal and
effectively verifiable treaty.
7. Middle East Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone
A/Res/49/71 December 15
Urges all parties directly concerned to consider taking steps required
for implementation of the proposal to establish a nuclear-weapon-free
zone in the Middle East; calls upon all countries that have not done so
to agree to place all their nuclear activities under International
Atomic Energy Agency safeguards; takes note of the importance of the
ongoing bilateral Middle East peace negotiations and the activities of
the multilateral working group on arms control in promoting mutual
confidence and security; invites all countries of the region to declare
their support for establishing a nuclear-weapon-free zone and not to
develop, produce, test, or otherwise acquire nuclear weapons or permit
the stationing of nuclear weapons or nuclear explosive devices on their
territories; invites the nuclear-weapon states and all other states to
render their assistance in establishment of the zone; invites all
parties to consider means to contribute toward general and complete
disarmament and establishment of a zone free of weapons of mass
destruction in the Middle East.
The United States, which is interested in preventing the spread of
nuclear weapons in such volatile areas as the Middle East, was able to
join consensus on this resolution, which takes note of the importance of
the ongoing bilateral peace talks in the area.
8. Moratorium on Export of Anti-Personnel Land Mines
A/Res/49/75D December 15
Urges states to implement a moratorium on the export of anti-personnel
land mines that pose grave dangers to civilian populations, endorses
their eventual elimination, and emphasizes the importance of the
convention on prohibiting excessively injurious weapons.
The United States introduced this resolution, with over 70 cosponsors,
in our ongoing effort to address the devastating consequences of the
indiscriminate use of such weapons.
9. Excessively Injurious Weapons
A/Res/49/79 December 15
Welcomes the fact that additional states have signed, ratified, or
accepted the convention on prohibitions or restrictions on use of
certain excessively injurious conventional weapons; urgently calls on
all states that have not done so to become parties; welcomes the request
that the Secretary General convene a conference to review the
convention; and notes with satisfaction the progress made by the group
of experts reviewing the protocol on use of mines and booby traps and in
discussing other weapon categories at present not covered by the
convention.
The United States joined consensus on this resolution because it moves
forward the task of restricting the use of certain conventional weapons
deemed to be inhumane.
10. Rationalization of First Committee's Work
A/Res/49/85 December 15
Confirms and continues the rationalization of the work of the Committee,
and urges further improvement in future sessions.
The United States supports a better organized and more focused
discussion in the Committee's meetings, to which this resolution
contributes without making the meetings too rigid and structured for
effectively addressing issues. It addresses improvement of practical
aspects of the Committee's operations, and does not contain contentious
substantive language.
11. Chemical and Biological Weapons
A/Res/49/86 December 15
Notes that a majority of states parties to the convention on biological
and toxin weapons requested that a special conference be convened to
consider the final report of the group of experts; welcomes the final
report of the conference at which the parties agreed to establish an ad
hoc group to consider measures, including possible verification
measures, to strengthen the convention; calls on all parties to the
convention to participate in the exchange of information and data agreed
to in the Final Declaration of the Third Review Conference; and calls on
all signatory states that have not yet ratified the convention to do so
without delay.
The United States joined consensus on this resolution, considering a
global, verifiable ban on such weapons a major arms control objective.
12. External Debt Problems of Developing Countries
A/Res/49/93 December 19
Recognizes that a durable solution to the debt problems of the poorest
and most heavily indebted developing countries suggests even more
favorable terms of debt relief measures; emphasizes the importance to
developing countries of continuing their efforts to promote a favorable
environment for attracting foreign investment; invites creditor
countries to cancel official development assistance debt; calls upon
donor countries and multilateral financial institutions to consider new
measures for alleviating the debt burden of low-income countries;
encourages private creditors to continue efforts to address the
commercial debt problems of the least developed countries and of low-
and middle-income developing countries; stresses the need for new
financial flows to debtor developing countries, and urges creditor
countries and multilateral financial institutions to continue to extend
concessional financial assistance to support economic reforms so as to
enable these countries to extricate themselves from the debt overhang
and to achieve sustained economic growth; urges wider application of
innovative measures such as debt-for-equity and debt-for-nature swaps;
recognizes the need to assist developing countries to mobilize resources
for development efforts; and recognizes that debt relief could
contribute toward releasing domestic resources for sustaining social
development efforts.
The United States was able to join consensus on this resolution because,
unlike in recent years, it was balanced in character, acknowledging the
concerns of the heavily indebted countries while fully respecting the
rights of the donors and the prerogatives of the individual lending
institutions that assist developing countries. The resolution also, and
most importantly, does justice to those measures best suited to resuming
or maintaining economic growth in any country: stability, sound
macroeconomic policy, a favorable investment climate, accessible
markets, and participation in international trade.
13. UN International Symposium on Trade Efficiency
A/Res/49/101 December 19
Expresses gratitude to the United States and to the city of Columbus,
Ohio, for hosting the symposium; welcomes the adoption of the Columbus
Ministerial Declaration on Trade Efficiency, embodying a policy
framework and a set of practical actions and recommendations for more
efficient trade worldwide; welcomes the launching of the Global Trade
Point Network, which, by electronically interconnecting trade points
worldwide, will allow all member countries to trade more efficiently;
expresses appreciation to the UN Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD) for organizing the symposium, which underscored the importance
of market forces and trade liberalization to achieve economic
development, and encouraged an open exchange of views on practical,
market-oriented solutions to problems of economic development;
encourages UNCTAD to continue its efforts to promote the use of the
global marketplace to support development and implementation of the
Declaration, in particular the establishment of trade points and their
integration in the Global Trade Point Network, based on open systems
that guarantee equality of access for all countries, with the
cooperation of the private sector and UN bodies; and asks UNCTAD to
continue its efforts in the trade efficiency area.
The United States introduced this resolution, which notes the
achievements of the U.S.-hosted symposium in which the importance of
market forces and trade liberalization in achieving economic development
was underscored.
14.Integrating Economies in Transition into the World Economy
A/Res/49/106 December 19
Invites the UN system to continue its support for the efforts of
economies in transition as they transform their economies from centrally
planned to market economies and integrate them into the world economy;
and calls upon the UN system to continue studying possible ways of
enhancing economic and technical cooperation among countries with
economies in transition, identifying how the UN system can strengthen
cooperation, with a view to encouraging greater participation by those
countries in the world economy.
The United States cosponsored this Estonia-drafted resolution, which
notes the importance of the transformation to market economies and notes
the role of the international financial institutions in encouraging
sound economic policies.
15. Global Learning to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE)
A/Res/49/112 December 19
Welcomes the U.S.-initiated GLOBE program, which aims to enhance
awareness of individuals throughout the world concerning the
environment, increase scientific understanding of the Earth, and help
students reach the highest standards in science and mathematics
education; welcomes participation by other governments with the United
States in shaping the program; and encourages UN organs and programs to
take part.
The United States, recognizing the continuing deterioration of the
global environment due to the impact of constantly increasing human
activity, introduced this resolution.
16. Unauthorized Fishing
A/Res/49/116 December 19
Calls upon states to take measures to ensure that no fishing vessels
entitled to fly their national flag engage in fishing in zones under the
national jurisdiction of other states unless duly authorized by the
competent authorities of the coastal states concerned; and calls upon
development assistance organizations to support efforts to improve the
monitoring and control of fishing activities, and the enforcement of
fishing regulations.
This resolution, cosponsored by the United States, helps protect U.S.
fishing interests by calling for respect for the authority of coastal
states in control over fishing.
17. Fisheries Bycatch and Discards
A/Res/49/118 December 19
Notes that the issue of bycatch (non-target fish and non-fish species)
and discards in fishing operations warrants serious attention and that
addressing this issue is necessary to ensure the long-term and
sustainable development of fisheries; invites the UN Food and
Agriculture Organization to formulate fisheries bycatch and discard
provisions in its international code of conduct for responsible fishing;
invites the UN Conference on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory
Fish Stocks to elaborate fisheries bycatch and discard provisions; and
invites relevant subregional and regional fisheries management
organizations to review the impact of fisheries bycatch and discards on
the sustainable use of living marine resources.
The United States introduced this resolution as a part of its effort to
promote the rational and sustainable development of fisheries and other
living marine resources.
18. Driftnet Fishing
Decision December 19
Reaffirms the importance of compliance with the global moratorium on all
large-scale pelagic driftnet fishing on the high seas; expresses concern
that, despite measures taken and progress made, there are reports of
continuing conduct and activities inconsistent with the moratorium; and
urges greater enforcement responsibility to ensure full compliance.
The United States introduced the draft decision on this matter to
emphasize the importance of better enforcement of the moratorium on
driftnet fishing, as a follow-up to the effort begun in 1989 and
strongly supported by the United States to control and mitigate large-
scale driftnet fishing on the high seas, which posed a serious threat to
the marine environment.
19. Strengthening Coordination of UN Humanitarian Emergency Aid
A/Res/49/139 December 20
Acknowledges the need for further developing and strengthening of
system-wide coordination to improve the capability for a quick and
coordinated response to natural disasters and other emergencies; notes
the usefulness of the Central Emergency Revolving Fund (CERF) for
enhancing the capacity to address promptly the urgent requirements of
the initial phase of such emergencies; recognizes the need to maintain
an adequate level of resources in the CERF; invites the Secretary
General to improve the CERF's functioning; stresses the responsibility
of organizations having drawn from the CERF to reimburse the Fund fully
and in a timely manner; urges all operational agencies to collaborate
fully with the Department of Humanitarian Affairs in providing
sufficient financial and human resources for rapid coordination
arrangements to enhance the rapid-response capability of the UN system;
encourages voluntary national and regional actions aimed at providing
the UN system, on a stand-by basis, with specialized human and technical
resources for emergency relief and rehabilitation; encourages these
national volunteer corps ("White Helmets") to develop appropriate
capabilities and expertise; invites governments to promote financial
mechanisms to fund these national stand-by capacities; and invites the
Secretary General to assess the potential for coordination of national
volunteer corps by UN organs and for channeling UN funds to them.
The United States, which has strongly supported efforts to strengthen
coordination of UN programs to meet emergency humanitarian needs over
the past two years, including stand-by ready-response capabilities and
contingency funds, joined consensus on this resolution.
20. New Agenda for Development of Africa
A/Res/49/142 December 23
Reaffirms the high priority attached to Africa's economic recovery;
calls anew upon the international community to provide full and tangible
support to African efforts; urges the multilateral financial
institutions and recipient and donor countries to pay special attention
to eradication of poverty; affirms the need for further efforts to
promote diversification of African economies; urges the international
community to increase financial resource flows; invites the
international community to address Africa's external debt crisis; urges
states to work toward achieving an average of 4 percent real growth in
annual financial resource flows to Africa; invites members of the
African Development Bank, developed countries, multilateral
institutions, and others to pay particular attention to diversification
of African economies, particularly commodities, with a view to
accelerating this process; and urges African countries to continue
efforts to improve the investment climate, and urges donor countries to
support those efforts by providing increased assistance to human
resource development and to development of social and economic
infrastructure.
The United States, a leading supporter of international efforts to
assist the troubled economies of Africa, regarded this resolution as
containing may positive elements, and thus joined consensus on it.
However, we underlined our continuing opposition to a diversification
fund for African commodities and to the notion of convening a conference
on African debt. And we reiterated that we do not accept the aid targets
(percentages of the donor country's gross national product) specified in
the resolution.
21. Report of UN High Commissioner for Refugees
A/Res/49/169 December 23
Deplores the fact that some refugees have been subjected to armed
attack, murder, rape, and other violations of fundamental rights; calls
upon all states to uphold asylum as an instrument for protection of
refugees; recognizes the desirability of providing temporary protection
in situations in which return home is considered the most appropriate
durable solution; stresses the importance of burden-sharing and urges
cooperation in efforts to lighten the burden borne by states that have
received large numbers of refugees; reiterates that voluntary
repatriation, when feasible, is the ideal solution to refugee problems,
and encourages all countries to do everything possible to enable
refugees to exercise their right to return home; calls for a more
concerted response by the international community to the needs of
internally displaced persons, and reaffirms support for the High
Commissioner's efforts to provide humanitarian assistance and protection
to such persons; calls upon parties to conflicts to ensure timely
humanitarian access to persons in need of protection and assistance;
emphasizes the need to preserve the impartial and purely humanitarian
nature of the activities of the Office of the High Commissioner; and
expresses profound concern at conditions in a number of countries that
seriously endanger the security of relief workers, and calls upon
parties to conflicts to ensure the security of staff undertaking
humanitarian work.
The United States, which strongly endorses and supports the work of the
High Commissioner, cosponsored this resolution.
22. Human Rights in Myanmar (Burma)
A/Res/49/197 December 23
Deplores the continued violations of human rights in Myanmar; calls for
the unconditional and immediate release of political prisoners; urges
the Government of Myanmar to move toward restoration of democracy and to
ensure that political parties can function freely; notes with concern
that most representatives elected in 1990 are still excluded from
participating in meetings of the National Convention created to draft a
new constitution; urges the Government of Myanmar to allow citizens to
participate freely in the political process and to accelerate the
process of transition to democracy; urges an end to human rights
violations: torture, abuse of women, forced labor, forced relocations,
enforced disappearances, and summary executions; regrets continued
detention of political leaders; and encourages the Government of Myanmar
to create conditions to end the flow of refugees to neighboring
countries and facilitate their speedy return, repatriation, and
reintegration.
The United States cosponsored this resolution to call international
attention to the abysmal human rights situation and the shortcomings of
the political process in Burma.
23. Assistance in Mine Clearance
A/Res/49/215 December 23
Welcomes the establishment by the Secretary General of a voluntary trust
fund to finance information and training programs relating to mine
clearance and to facilitate mine-clearance operations; emphasizes the
importance of UN coordination of mine-clearance activities; urges
states, regional organizations, and others to extend assistance to the
Secretary General and to provide him with data and other resources
useful in strengthening the coordination role of the United Nations in
mine-awareness, training, surveying, mine detection and clearance, and
scientific research for mine-detection technology; calls on states to
assist in removing mines and booby traps; and asks the Secretary General
to convene an international meeting on mine clearance, including experts
and donors.
The United States cosponsored and worked for the passage of this
resolution to advance the U.S. goal of reducing the casualties caused by
the indiscriminate use of mines.
24. Budget Outline for 1996-1997
A/Res/49/217 December 23
Invites the Secretary General to prepare his proposed program budget for
the biennium 1996-1997 on the basis of the total preliminary estimate of
$2.574 billion; and decides that the contingency fund shall be set at
0.75 percent of the preliminary estimate, i.e., $20.6 million.
In this resolution, we achieved consensus on a budget outline that
maintains the U.S. policy of zero real growth, while identifying
priorities consistent with our policy objectives: enhanced capacity for
human rights and humanitarian affairs, reinforced backstopping for
peacekeeping operations, and strengthened internal oversight functions.
COINCIDENCE PERCENTAGES
Tables below consolidate statistically the 15 important votes, discussed
in Section III, with the 24 important consensus agreements above. They
are meant to provide another perspective on cooperation between the
United States and UN member states on important issues at the 49th UNGA.
Since not all states are equally active at the United Nations, refined
coincidence percentages are also provided for the number of consensus
agreements credited to a state based on its participation in all UN
voting overall.
What the four columns of figures represent:
÷ Voting coincidence. The percentage obtained when each UN member's
record on important votes is combined with full credit for participating
in all 24 important consensus resolutions. Countries with large numbers
of absences score low in this table because they get little credit on
the 24 consensus resolutions.
÷ Absences. The number of times a country did not participate in the 92
recorded plenary votes. Countries most frequently absent for votes were
Zaire, 91 times; Seychelles, 73; Rwanda, 72; Bosnia and Herzegovina, 56;
Angola, 48; Eritrea, 48; and Madagascar, 42. (Chad, Dominican Republic,
Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Palau, Sao Tome and Principe,
Somalia, and Yugoslavia did not participate. An asterisk appears in the
voting coincidence columns for these countries.)
÷ Participation Rate. Calculated by dividing the number of
Yes/No/Abstain votes cast by a UN member in plenary (i.e., the number of
times it was not absent) by the total of plenary votes (92).
÷ Adjusted Coincidence. This modifies the voting coincidence percentages
in column one by applying the "Participation Rate" to consensus
agreements. For example, if a UN member state were absent for 10 of the
92 votes in 1994, it would be given credit for only 89.1% (21.4)
consensus resolutions rather than 24.
The first table is organized alphabetically by country. The second lists
countries by rank order of Adjusted Coincidence; when this figure is
identical for two or more countries, they are ranked by participation
rate; when this figure, too, is the same, countries are listed
alphabetically.
Important Votes and Adjusted Consensus
-------------------------------------------------------------------
VOTING PARTICIPA- ADJUSTED
COUNTRY COINCIDENCE ABSENCES TION RATE COINCIDENCE
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Afghanistan 81.1% 11 88.0% 79.5%
Albania 94.4% 11 88.0% 94.0%
Algeria 86.5% 1 98.9% 86.4%
Andorra 91.7% 12 87.0% 90.9%
Angola 90.3% 48 47.8% 83.8%
Antigua and Barbuda 91.2% 3 96.7% 91.0%
Argentina 97.1% 0 100.0% 97.1%
Armenia 90.9% 5 94.6% 90.5%
Australia 91.7% 0 100.0% 91.7%
Austria 91.9% 0 100.0% 91.9%
Azerbaijan 88.2% 15 83.7% 86.7%
Bahamas 89.2% 0 100.0% 89.2%
Bahrain 90.9% 8 91.3% 90.3%
Bangladesh 83.3% 7 92.4% 82.4%
Barbados 88.9% 1 98.9% 88.8%
Belarus 93.8% 0 100.0% 93.8%
Belgium 91.9% 0 100.0% 91.9%
Belize 91.2% 12 87.0% 90.3%
Benin 88.2% 2 97.8% 88.1%
Bhutan 88.2% 23 75.0% 85.7%
Bolivia 89.2% 0 100.0% 89.2%
Bosnia and Herzegovina 93.8% 56 39.1% 88.5%
Botswana 86.8% 0 100.0% 86.8%
Brazil 88.9% 0 100.0% 88.9%
Brunei 85.3% 1 98.9% 85.2%
Bulgaria 94.3% 1 98.9% 94.2%
Burkina Faso 85.7% 8 91.3% 84.8%
Burundi 85.3% 17 81.5% 83.1%
Cambodia 94.1% 14 84.8% 93.4%
Cameroon 90.3% 0 100.0% 90.3%
Canada 91.7% 0 100.0% 91.7%
Cape Verde 91.4% 26 71.7% 89.4%
Central African Rep. 100.0% 23 75.0% 100.0%
Chad * 92 0.0% *
Chile 91.9% 0 100.0% 91.9%
China 78.1% 8 91.3% 76.6%
Colombia 86.1% 1 98.9% 86.0%
Comoros 97.0% 11 88.0% 96.7%
Congo 87.1% 12 87.0% 85.6%
Costa Rica 94.4% 5 94.6% 94.2%
Cote d'Ivoire 96.7% 0 100.0% 96.7%
Croatia 97.1% 7 92.4% 96.9%
Cuba 75.8% 7 92.4% 74.3%
Cyprus 88.6% 4 95.7% 88.2%
Czech Republic 97.1% 0 100.0% 97.1%
DPR of Korea 75.0% 12 87.0% 72.3%
Denmark 91.9% 0 100.0% 91.9%
Djibouti 93.9% 12 87.0% 93.3%
Dominica 100.0% 25 72.8% 100.0%
Dominican Republic * 92 0.0% *
Ecuador 87.2% 1 98.9% 87.1%
Egypt 88.2% 8 91.3% 87.5%
El Salvador 94.4% 15 83.7% 93.8%
Equatorial Guinea * 92 0.0% *
Eritrea 100.0% 48 47.8% 100.0%
Estonia 97.1% 5 94.6% 96.9%
Ethiopia 90.6% 5 94.6% 90.2%
Fiji 97.1% 5 94.6% 96.9%
Finland 91.9% 0 100.0% 91.9%
France 91.9% 2 97.8% 91.8%
Gabon 96.9% 2 97.8% 96.8%
Gambia 93.3% 35 62.0% 90.4%
Georgia 100.0% 2 97.8% 100.0%
Germany 94.4% 0 100.0% 94.4%
Ghana 87.1% 8 91.3% 86.2%
Greece 91.9% 0 100.0% 91.9%
Grenada 91.4% 6 93.5% 91.0%
Guatemala 93.5% 17 81.5% 92.5%
Guinea 88.2% 2 97.8% 88.1%
Guinea-Bissau * 92 0.0% *
Guyana 89.2% 1 98.9% 89.1%
Haiti 89.5% 4 95.7% 89.2%
Honduras 89.2% 5 94.6% 88.8%
Hungary 94.6% 0 100.0% 94.6%
Iceland 97.1% 1 98.9% 97.1%
India 79.4% 0 100.0% 79.4%
Indonesia 78.9% 0 100.0% 78.9%
Iran 75.7% 12 87.0% 73.4%
Iraq 77.1% 16 82.6% 74.0%
Ireland 94.3% 0 100.0% 94.3%
Israel 100.0% 0 100.0% 100.0%
Italy 94.4% 0 100.0% 94.4%
Jamaica 91.7% 4 95.7% 91.4%
Japan 94.3% 0 100.0% 94.3%
Jordan 85.7% 7 92.4% 84.9%
Kazakhstan 94.1% 1 98.9% 94.1%
Kenya 90.6% 0 100.0% 90.6%
Kuwait 91.4% 4 95.7% 91.2%
Kyrgyzstan 93.5% 18 80.4% 92.4%
Laos 86.2% 20 78.3% 83.2%
Latvia 100.0% 5 94.6% 100.0%
Lebanon 85.7% 15 83.7% 83.9%
Lesotho 87.9% 10 89.1% 86.8%
Liberia * 92 0.0% *
Libya 73.7% 1 98.9% 73.5%
Liechtenstein 91.7% 0 100.0% 91.7%
Lithuania 97.0% 10 89.1% 96.7%
Luxembourg 91.9% 0 100.0% 91.9%
Madagascar 96.6% 42 54.3% 94.5%
Malawi 90.6% 27 70.7% 88.0%
Malaysia 83.3% 1 98.9% 83.2%
Maldives 88.6% 0 100.0% 88.6%
Mali 85.7% 2 97.8% 85.5%
Malta 94.4% 0 100.0% 94.4%
Marshall Islands 97.1% 1 98.9% 97.1%
Mauritania 88.6% 3 96.7% 88.3%
Mauritius 94.3% 4 95.7% 94.1%
Mexico 86.1% 0 100.0% 86.1%
Micronesia 100.0% 4 95.7% 100.0%
Moldova 97.1% 3 96.7% 97.0%
Monaco 94.4% 16 82.6% 93.7%
Mongolia 89.2% 8 91.3% 88.5%
Morocco 90.9% 9 90.2% 90.2%
Mozambique 88.2% 8 91.3% 87.5%
Myanmar 79.4% 1 98.9% 79.3%
Namibia 83.3% 1 98.9% 83.2%
Nepal 91.2% 1 98.9% 91.1%
Netherlands 94.4% 1 98.9% 94.4%
New Zealand 89.2% 0 100.0% 89.2%
Nicaragua 91.9% 4 95.7% 91.7%
Niger 88.6% 0 100.0% 88.6%
Nigeria 90.3% 0 100.0% 90.3%
Norway 94.3% 0 100.0% 94.3%
Oman 85.7% 5 94.6% 85.2%
Pakistan 81.1% 0 100.0% 81.1%
Palau * 92 0.0% *
Panama 91.4% 5 94.6% 91.1%
Papua New Guinea 90.9% 10 89.1% 90.1%
Paraguay 89.5% 1 98.9% 89.4%
Peru 91.7% 0 100.0% 91.7%
Philippines 85.7% 0 100.0% 85.7%
Poland 94.3% 0 100.0% 94.3%
Portugal 94.4% 0 100.0% 94.4%
Qatar 88.2% 9 90.2% 87.4%
Republic of Korea 91.7% 2 97.8% 91.5%
Romania 94.3% 1 98.9% 94.2%
Russia 97.0% 0 100.0% 97.0%
Rwanda 96.8% 72 21.7% 91.8%
St. Kitts and Nevis 91.4% 4 95.7% 91.2%
St. Lucia 88.9% 9 90.2% 88.1%
St. Vincent-Grenadines 91.7% 8 91.3% 91.2%
Samoa 91.9% 10 89.1% 91.3%
San Marino 96.3% 32 65.2% 94.6%
Sao Tome and Principe * 92 0.0% *
Saudi Arabia 88.6% 4 95.7% 88.2%
Senegal 91.4% 4 95.7% 91.2%
Seychelles 96.0% 73 20.7% 83.2%
Sierra Leone 87.9% 10 89.1% 86.8%
Singapore 91.4% 0 100.0% 91.4%
Slovak Republic 94.3% 7 92.4% 94.0%
Slovenia 94.6% 2 97.8% 94.5%
Solomon Islands 97.1% 10 89.1% 96.9%
Somalia * 92 0.0% *
South Africa 86.1% 2 97.8% 85.9%
Spain 91.9% 0 100.0% 91.9%
Sri Lanka 83.3% 0 100.0% 83.3%
Sudan 75.0% 12 87.0% 72.6%
Suriname 89.2% 0 100.0% 89.2%
Swaziland 100.0% 9 90.2% 100.0%
Sweden 91.7% 0 100.0% 91.7%
Syria 75.7% 13 85.9% 73.2%
Tajikistan 88.6% 9 90.2% 87.7%
Thailand 85.7% 1 98.9% 85.6%
TFYR Macedonia 94.4% 0 100.0% 94.4%
Togo 90.0% 1 98.9% 89.9%
Trinidad and Tobago 91.7% 3 96.7% 91.5%
Tunisia 88.2% 1 98.9% 88.1%
Turkey 91.9% 1 98.9% 91.8%
Turkmenistan 90.3% 33 64.1% 86.6%
Uganda 83.3% 1 98.9% 83.2%
Ukraine 93.9% 1 98.9% 93.9%
United Arab Emirates 91.2% 7 92.4% 90.7%
United Kingdom 94.4% 1 98.9% 94.4%
U.R. Tanzania 80.0% 1 98.9% 79.8%
Uruguay 94.3% 0 100.0% 94.3%
Uzbekistan 93.8% 14 84.8% 92.9%
Vanuatu 96.6% 29 68.5% 95.3%
Venezuela 86.1% 0 100.0% 86.1%
Vietnam 75.8% 12 87.0% 73.2%
Yemen 85.7% 7 92.4% 84.9%
Yugoslavia (S/M) * 92 0.0% *
Zaire 96.0% 91 1.1% 20.7%
Zambia 85.7% 1 98.9% 85.6%
Zimbabwe 81.8% 0 100.0% 81.8%
Average 90.6% 87.0% 89.6%
Important Votes and Adjusted Consensus
(Ranked by Adjusted Coincidence)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
VOTING PARTICIPA- ADJUSTED
COUNTRY COINCIDENCE ABSENCES TION RATE COINCIDENCE
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Israel 100.0% 0 100.0% 100.0%
Georgia 100.0% 2 97.8% 100.0%
Micronesia 100.0% 4 95.7% 100.0%
Latvia 100.0% 5 94.6% 100.0%
Swaziland 100.0% 9 90.2% 100.0%
Central African Rep. 100.0% 23 75.0% 100.0%
Dominica 100.0% 25 72.8% 100.0%
Eritrea 100.0% 48 47.8% 100.0%
Argentina 97.1% 0 100.0% 97.1%
Czech Republic 97.1% 0 100.0% 97.1%
Iceland 97.1% 1 98.9% 97.1%
Marshall Islands 97.1% 1 98.9% 97.1%
Moldova 97.1% 3 96.7% 97.0%
Russia 97.0% 0 100.0% 97.0%
Estonia 97.1% 5 94.6% 96.9%
Fiji 97.1% 5 94.6% 96.9%
Solomon Islands 97.1% 10 89.1% 96.9%
Croatia 97.1% 7 92.4% 96.9%
Gabon 96.9% 2 97.8% 96.8%
Lithuania 97.0% 10 89.1% 96.7%
Comoros 97.0% 11 88.0% 96.7%
Cote d'Ivoire 96.7% 0 100.0% 96.7%
Vanuatu 96.6% 29 68.5% 95.3%
San Marino 96.3% 32 65.2% 94.6%
Hungary 94.6% 0 100.0% 94.6%
Slovenia 94.6% 2 97.8% 94.5%
Madagascar 96.6% 42 54.3% 94.5%
Germany 94.4% 0 100.0% 94.4%
Italy 94.4% 0 100.0% 94.4%
Malta 94.4% 0 100.0% 94.4%
Portugal 94.4% 0 100.0% 94.4%
TFYR Macedonia 94.4% 0 100.0% 94.4%
Netherlands 94.4% 1 98.9% 94.4%
United Kingdom 94.4% 1 98.9% 94.4%
Ireland 94.3% 0 100.0% 94.3%
Japan 94.3% 0 100.0% 94.3%
Norway 94.3% 0 100.0% 94.3%
Poland 94.3% 0 100.0% 94.3%
Uruguay 94.3% 0 100.0% 94.3%
Bulgaria 94.3% 1 98.9% 94.2%
Romania 94.3% 1 98.9% 94.2%
Costa Rica 94.4% 5 94.6% 94.2%
Mauritius 94.3% 4 95.7% 94.1%
Kazakhstan 94.1% 1 98.9% 94.1%
Slovak Republic 94.3% 7 92.4% 94.0%
Albania 94.4% 11 88.0% 94.0%
Ukraine 93.9% 1 98.9% 93.9%
El Salvador 94.4% 15 83.7% 93.8%
Belarus 93.8% 0 100.0% 93.8%
Monaco 94.4% 16 82.6% 93.7%
Cambodia 94.1% 14 84.8% 93.4%
Djibouti 93.9% 12 87.0% 93.3%
Uzbekistan 93.8% 14 84.8% 92.9%
Guatemala 93.5% 17 81.5% 92.5%
Kyrgyzstan 93.5% 18 80.4% 92.4%
Austria 91.9% 0 100.0% 91.9%
Belgium 91.9% 0 100.0% 91.9%
Chile 91.9% 0 100.0% 91.9%
Denmark 91.9% 0 100.0% 91.9%
Finland 91.9% 0 100.0% 91.9%
Greece 91.9% 0 100.0% 91.9%
Luxembourg 91.9% 0 100.0% 91.9%
Spain 91.9% 0 100.0% 91.9%
Turkey 91.9% 1 98.9% 91.8%
Rwanda 96.8% 72 21.7% 91.8%
France 91.9% 2 97.8% 91.8%
Australia 91.7% 0 100.0% 91.7%
Canada 91.7% 0 100.0% 91.7%
Liechtenstein 91.7% 0 100.0% 91.7%
Peru 91.7% 0 100.0% 91.7%
Sweden 91.7% 0 100.0% 91.7%
Nicaragua 91.9% 4 95.7% 91.7%
Republic of Korea 91.7% 2 97.8% 91.5%
Trinidad and Tobago 91.7% 3 96.7% 91.5%
Singapore 91.4% 0 100.0% 91.4%
Jamaica 91.7% 4 95.7% 91.4%
Samoa 91.9% 10 89.1% 91.3%
Kuwait 91.4% 4 95.7% 91.2%
Senegal 91.4% 4 95.7% 91.2%
St. Kitts and Nevis 91.4% 4 95.7% 91.2%
St. Vincent-Grenadines 91.7% 8 91.3% 91.2%
Nepal 91.2% 1 98.9% 91.1%
Panama 91.4% 5 94.6% 91.1%
Grenada 91.4% 6 93.5% 91.0%
Antigua and Barbuda 91.2% 3 96.7% 91.0%
Andorra 91.7% 12 87.0% 90.9%
United Arab Emirates 91.2% 7 92.4% 90.7%
Kenya 90.6% 0 100.0% 90.6%
Armenia 90.9% 5 94.6% 90.5%
Gambia 93.3% 35 62.0% 90.4%
Cameroon 90.3% 0 100.0% 90.3%
Nigeria 90.3% 0 100.0% 90.3%
Bahrain 90.9% 8 91.3% 90.3%
Belize 91.2% 12 87.0% 90.3%
Ethiopia 90.6% 5 94.6% 90.2%
Morocco 90.9% 9 90.2% 90.2%
Papua New Guinea 90.9% 10 89.1% 90.1%
Togo 90.0% 1 98.9% 89.9%
Paraguay 89.5% 1 98.9% 89.4%
Cape Verde 91.4% 26 71.7% 89.4%
Bahamas 89.2% 0 100.0% 89.2%
Bolivia 89.2% 0 100.0% 89.2%
New Zealand 89.2% 0 100.0% 89.2%
Suriname 89.2% 0 100.0% 89.2%
Haiti 89.5% 4 95.7% 89.2%
Guyana 89.2% 1 98.9% 89.1%
Brazil 88.9% 0 100.0% 88.9%
Barbados 88.9% 1 98.9% 88.8%
Honduras 89.2% 5 94.6% 88.8%
Maldives 88.6% 0 100.0% 88.6%
Niger 88.6% 0 100.0% 88.6%
Mongolia 89.2% 8 91.3% 88.5%
Bosnia-Herzegovina 93.8% 56 39.1% 88.5%
Mauritania 88.6% 3 96.7% 88.3%
Cyprus 88.6% 4 95.7% 88.2%
Saudi Arabia 88.6% 4 95.7% 88.2%
Tunisia 88.2% 1 98.9% 88.1%
St. Lucia 88.9% 9 90.2% 88.1%
Benin 88.2% 2 97.8% 88.1%
Guinea 88.2% 2 97.8% 88.1%
Malawi 90.6% 27 70.7% 88.0%
Tajikistan 88.6% 9 90.2% 87.7%
Egypt 88.2% 8 91.3% 87.5%
Mozambique 88.2% 8 91.3% 87.5%
Qatar 88.2% 9 90.2% 87.4%
Ecuador 87.2% 1 98.9% 87.1%
Botswana 86.8% 0 100.0% 86.8%
Lesotho 87.9% 10 89.1% 86.8%
Sierra Leone 87.9% 10 89.1% 86.8%
Azerbaijan 88.2% 15 83.7% 86.7%
Turkmenistan 90.3% 33 64.1% 86.6%
Algeria 86.5% 1 98.9% 86.4%
Ghana 87.1% 8 91.3% 86.2%
Mexico 86.1% 0 100.0% 86.1%
Venezuela 86.1% 0 100.0% 86.1%
Colombia 86.1% 1 98.9% 86.0%
South Africa 86.1% 2 97.8% 85.9%
Philippines 85.7% 0 100.0% 85.7%
Bhutan 88.2% 23 75.0% 85.7%
Congo 87.1% 12 87.0% 85.6%
Thailand 85.7% 1 98.9% 85.6%
Zambia 85.7% 1 98.9% 85.6%
Mali 85.7% 2 97.8% 85.5%
Brunei 85.3% 1 98.9% 85.2%
Oman 85.7% 5 94.6% 85.2%
Jordan 85.7% 7 92.4% 84.9%
Yemen 85.7% 7 92.4% 84.9%
Burkina Faso 85.7% 8 91.3% 84.8%
Lebanon 85.7% 15 83.7% 83.9%
Angola 90.3% 48 47.8% 83.8%
Sri Lanka 83.3% 0 100.0% 83.3%
Malaysia 83.3% 1 98.9% 83.2%
Namibia 83.3% 1 98.9% 83.2%
Uganda 83.3% 1 98.9% 83.2%
Seychelles 96.0% 73 20.7% 83.2%
Laos 86.2% 20 78.3% 83.2%
Burundi 85.3% 17 81.5% 83.1%
Bangladesh 83.3% 7 92.4% 82.4%
Zimbabwe 81.8% 0 100.0% 81.8%
Pakistan 81.1% 0 100.0% 81.1%
U.R. Tanzania 80.0% 1 98.9% 79.8%
Afghanistan 81.1% 11 88.0% 79.5%
India 79.4% 0 100.0% 79.4%
Myanmar 79.4% 1 98.9% 79.3%
Indonesia 78.9% 0 100.0% 78.9%
China 78.1% 8 91.3% 76.6%
Cuba 75.8% 7 92.4% 74.3%
Iraq 77.1% 16 82.6% 74.0%
Libya 73.7% 1 98.9% 73.5%
Iran 75.7% 12 87.0% 73.4%
Syria 75.7% 13 85.9% 73.2%
Vietnam 75.8% 12 87.0% 73.2%
Sudan 75.0% 12 87.0% 72.6%
DPR of Korea 75.0% 12 87.0% 72.3%
Zaire 96.0% 91 1.1% 20.7%
Chad * 92 0.0% *
Dominican Republic * 92 0.0% *
Equatorial Guinea * 92 0.0% *
Guinea-Bissau * 92 0.0% *
Liberia * 92 0.0% *
Palau * 92 0.0% *
Sao Tome and Principe * 92 0.0% *
Somalia * 92 0.0% *
Yugoslavia (S/M) * 92 0.0% *
Average 90.6% 87.0% 89.6%
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