US Department of State Dispatch Supplement
VOL. 3, NO 1
Title: FY 1993 International Affairs Budget Requests
PA
Source: Office of Public Communication, Bureau of Public
Affairs
Date: Jan, 15 19921/15/92
Description: Annual Report, Washington DC
Category: Reports
Region: Whole World
Subject: State Department, Resource Management, Terrorism,
Immigration, Military Affairs, Trade/Economics,
Development/Relief Aid, United Nations, NATO,
International Organizations
[Text]
[NOTE: CHARTS AND TABLES ARE NOT INCLUDED, ALTHOUGH INFORMATION CONTAINED IN
GRAPHICS IS INCLUDED WHEN POSSIBLE]
Introduction: FY 1993 International Affairs Budget: Fulfilling Freedom's
Challenge
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Graphic: FY 1993 International Affairs Budget: $22.1 billion*
Data:
1991 Actual $21,324 million,
1992 Enacted/Proposed $22,157 million,
1993 Requested $22,139 million.
* Discretionary Budget authority
Note: Excludes International Monetary Fund quota increase in FY 1992
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The demise of the Soviet Union in 1991, which confirmed the failure
of communism, marked the end of the containment era in American
foreign policy. These dramatic events give fresh meaning to the
fundamental goal of our international affairs programs: to exert
effective leadership in a world community increasingly receptive to
democracy, market economics, and multilateral cooperation against
aggression. Five major interrelated challenges that guide
international affairs programs worldwide now have special
relevance to our changing relations with the peoples of the former
Soviet Union, where the strategy of containment is being replaced by
one of collective engagement.
These five broad challenges continue to be:
-- Promoting and consolidating democratic values--in the wake of
collapsing totalitarianism and the pressing need to respond
positively to those nations voluntarily embracing our most basic
political and economic values;
-- Promoting market economies and strengthening US
competitiveness--to reinforce the spread of democratic values and
accelerate trade, investment, and the application of principles of
comparative advantage to achieve greater domestic and global
prosperity;
-- Promoting peace--through collective security, as demonstrated
during the Persian Gulf crisis, to conclude and verify new arms
control agreements and non-proliferation regimes, support UN
peace-keeping efforts, and to consolidate recent gains in resolving
conflict in Central America, Southeast Asia, and Southern Africa;
-- Protecting against trans-national threats--of environmental
degradation, narcotics, terrorism, and other issues of importance on
both domestic and foreign policy agendas; and
-- Meeting urgent humanitarian needs--a deep concern to the
American public and the Congress, whether the result of natural or
human causes, will require internationally coordinated responses.
Effective international affairs programs of the future will focus
increasingly on political/economic issues. Success will also
necessitate strategies that emphasize new and more extensive
bilateral and multilateral cooperation through the strengthening of
international institutions and by creating new arrangements to solve
particular problems, such as the coordination of humanitarian
assistance to the republics of the former Soviet Union. The US
private sector also will be engaged to a far greater extent than ever
before in international affairs programs.
Overview: FY 1993 International Affairs Budget
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Graphic: FY 1993 International Affairs Budget $22.1 Billion in
Budget Authority.
Data:
Economic, Hunaitarian and Development Assistance $11, 532
(52%),
Information and Exchange $1,382 (6%),
Diplomatic Activities
$2, 916 (13%),
Exim Bank $682 (3%),
International Organizations $1,373 (6%),
Military Assistance $4253 (19%).
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Summary
The President requests $22.1 billion in budget authority (the
authority to commit funds) and $20.6 billion in outlays (actual
spending) for international affairs programs in fiscal year (FY)
1993. The request is within the limits on budget authority and
outlays set by the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990.
The President's budget proposes several important shifts in
emphasis and priorities in response to changing world events. The
request for military assistance represents an 11% decrease from the
level proposed for FY 1992. Significant increases are proposed for
contributions to UN peace-keeping operations and assistance to
Central and Eastern Europe and the republics of the former Soviet
Union. Increased aid levels are reinforced by the expansion of
diplomatic as well as information and exchange activities into the
new independent states and the Middle East. Assistance to support
humanitarian endeavors and movements toward democracy
worldwide, as well as activities that open markets to US trade and
encourage economic reforms abroad, continue to be high priorities.
The following cross-cutting priorities are supported by funding in
several international affairs budget accounts.
Aid to the former Soviet Union and Central and Eastern
Europe.
The President's budget requests $620 million in new
appropriations for fiscal years 1992 and 1993 for assistance to the
republics of the former Soviet Union. Funding will be used to deliver
emergency humanitarian relief and provide technical assistance to
support democratic reform and promote economic restructuring. The
request includes:
-- $500 million for a special Humanitarian and Technical
Assistance Account to meet emerging humanitarian and special
assistance needs as they arise;
-- $100 million in Economic Support Funds for technical assistance
activities to promote democratic reforms and economic
restructuring;
-- $10 million in Development Assistance funds targeted at
development activities in republics with lower per capita incomes;
-- $10 million in PL-480 Food for Peace money for the "Farmer-to-
Farmer" program to send US farmers and agribusiness experts to
provide training and advice to counterparts in the new independent
states.
These funds will be combined with $860 million in resources
available under existing legislation, including:
-- About $210 million in food assistance ($165 million in food aid
and $45 million in surplus Department of Defense stocks);
-- $100 million in Department of Defense money for transportation
of humanitarian relief;
-- $400 million in Defense funds for assistance in eliminating
nuclear arms and chemical weapons;
-- $30 million in US Agency for International Development (USAID)
funds to provide urgently needed medical supplies; and
-- $120 million in USAID and §US Commodity Credit Corporation
(CCC) funds for technical assistance activities.*
* Some of these funds are subject to congressional notification
procedures.
The United States also has announced $3.75 billion in Commodity
Credit Corporation export guarantees for the purchase of food.
About $3 billion has already been used to buy and ship more than
19.5 million tons of US commodities. Together with the $1.5 billion
in existing and proposed grant assistance described above, the
President proposes to provide more than $5 billion in assistance to
republics of the former Soviet Union. The US assistance is only part
of a global response, with over 50 nations and multilateral
institutions committed to providing over $27 billion to the new
independent states.
The $450 million FY 1993 request for Central and Eastern Europe
represents a $50 million, or 13%, increase over the level proposed
for FY 1992 in the President's budget. The program funded by these
resources has three objectives.
The first is to advance democratic reforms that will form the
foundation for enduring political freedom and encourage broad-based
participation in civic and economic affairs.
The second is to support the efforts of the Central and East European
countries to restructure their economies by establishing market-
based economies to replace the collapsing centrally planned
systems.
The third is to improve the quality of life of a population that is
simultaneously enduring the legacy of the old order, such as
environmental degradation, lack of housing, and the hardships
associated with the dramatic structural changes underway in the
region.
In addition, the budget:
-- Requests a third annual contribution of $70 million to capitalize
the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). The
Bank makes loans in support of market-oriented reforms in the
region.
-- Supports activities of the Peace Corps in six Central and East
European countries and up to 500 volunteers in the former Soviet
republics.
-- Continues post openings, initiated in FY 1992, in the Baltics and
former Soviet republics in FY 1993.
-- Proposes the issuance of insurance and up to $125 million in loan
guarantees to the former republics of the Soviet Union by the
Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC).
The President's proposals for assistance to the republics of the
former Soviet Union and Central and Eastern Europe will benefit not
only the citizens of these regions but also citizens of the United
States. By promoting trade, developing private markets, supporting
freedom, and reducing the nuclear threat, US assistance will bring
direct economic and security benefits back to the American people.
Graphic: FY 1993 Economic, Development, and Humanitarian
Assistance: 11.5 billion*.
Data: Central America 5%, Africa 9%, Egypt 8%, Israel 10%,
Multilateral Development Banks 15%, Central and Eastern Europe and
The Former Soviet Union** 9%, Enterprise for the Americas
Initiative (Debt Reduction) 2%, Andean Countries 4%.
* Discretionary budget authority.
** Includes $450 million in aid to Cenral and Eastern Europe, $470
million in aid to the former Soviet Union, and $70 million for the
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
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Graphic: FY 1993 Request for Military Assistance: $4.5 billion*.
Data:
Egypt (29%),
Turkey (12%),
Greece (8%),
Portugal (2%),
Andean countries (3%),
Other (7%),
Israel (40%).
* Program level; includes $365 million in loans, requiring only $63
million in budget authority.
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Support for International Organizations and Multilateral Peace-
keeping.
The budget proposes $350 million as an amendment to
the FY 1992 budget and $350 million in the FY 1993 budget to
support the US share of new and expected international peace-
keeping activities undertaken by the United Nations in Cambodia,
Yugoslavia, El Salvador, Africa, and the Middle East. Increasingly,
security assistance funds also are being used for voluntary
contributions to peace-keeping operations, such as in Cyprus and the
Sinai. The goals of these peace-keeping missions are reinforced by
other US international affairs programs, such as through the use of
development and disaster assistance programs of the USAID and the
State Department's refugee assistance program.
The budget reaffirms the President's commitment to eliminate
arrearages owed to the United Nations and other international
organizations. A third "installment" of $115 million is requested to
make payments on arrearages. Advance appropriations are requested
for the fourth and final installments to be paid in FY 1994 and FY
1995.
Supporting Democracy, Promoting Economic Growth, and Meeting
Urgent Humanitarian Needs.
In addition to aid to the new
independent states, the President's budget continues development
and humanitarian assistance programs to support democratic change,
movement toward free and open markets, and economic growth and
development and to alleviate human suffering and assist refugees.
The Enterprise for the Americas Initiative seeks to promote strong
economic growth in Latin America through trade liberalization,
investment reform, and debt reduction. USAID's $100 million Capital
Projects Fund is proposed to help recipient countries invest in high-
priority, developmentally sound infrastructure projects.
War on Drugs.
The President's budget requests nearly $580
million for international counter-narcotics programs to combat the
flow of illegal drugs into the United States. Included in this total is
funding from International Narcotics Matters, Development
Assistance, Economic Support Funds, Foreign Military Financing, and
programs of the US Information Agency (USIA). These programs help
dismantle major drug-trafficking organizations, reduce illicit crop
production, and interdict drugs as they move from source countries
through transit countries to the United States.
Composition of the Budget
More than half of the FY 1993 international affairs budget is for
economic, development, and humanitarian assistance (see chart on
page 2). Military assistance accounts for 19% of the budget (and has
decreased 11% in absolute terms) and diplomatic activities account
for 13%. Of the $15.8 billion proposed for foreign assistance
(humanitarian, economic, and military), $5.1 billion is requested for
assistance to Israel and Egypt.
The economic, development, and humanitarian assistance programs
support a broad range of activities, from providing economic support
for emerging democracies to combating malnutrition and famine in
drought-stricken countries. Programs are being carried out in more
than
70 countries around the world. With the demise of the Soviet Union,
aid to Central and Eastern Europe and the new independent states has
increased significantly.
Military assistance is concentrated in fewer countries, with the
bulk of the assistance supporting military modernization in Israel,
Egypt, and key NATO and regional allies, or to countries assisting in
the war on drugs.
Changes to the FY 1992 Budget
The FY 1993 budget amends the President's FY 1992 budget for
international affairs in the following ways:
-- Requests $350 million in budget authority and $350 million in
outlays for US contributions to UN peace-keeping activities and
withdraws the original request for a Presidential Contingency Fund
($20 million in budget authority, $9 million in outlays).
-- Requests $150 million in budget authority and $68 million in
outlays for aid to the former republics of the Soviet Union.
-- For programs in the pending Foreign Operations appropriations
bill, adjusts budget accounts for the effects of credit reform
(increases budget authority $51 million) and re-estimates spending
rates (decreases outlays by $290 million).
Program Highlights
International Development and Humanitarian Assistance (Budget
Subfunction 151)
The United States plays a major role in addressing suffering and
promoting sustained economic growth by fostering sound economic
policies and developing the human resource potential in countries in
the developing world. Programs in this category help promote the
growth of market-oriented economies, finance development
projects, and provide expert advice to foreign governments and
private entities. Stronger economies will stimulate demand for US
exports, create more jobs for American workers, and expand
investment opportunities. These programs also provide relief
supplies and funds to meet natural and man-made disasters and to
aid refugees abroad and to resettle them in the United States.
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Graphic: International Development and Humanitarian
Assistance: Discretionary Budget Totals ($ million)
1991 1992 1994
Budget
Authority 7,240 8,252 8,410
Outlays
5,631 7,102 7,425
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Republics of the Former Soviet Union.
The President's
budget requests $620 million in new appropriations to help the new
independent states make their transitions to more peaceful,
democratic, and market-oriented nations. Of this amount, $500
million is for a special Humanitarian and Technical Assistance
Account to fund humanitarian relief and technical assistance in
democratic reform and economic restructuring. (The FY 1992
request is $150 million and $350 million is requested for FY 1993).
In addition, $100 million in Economic Support Funds, $10 million in
Development Assistance, and $10 million in PL-480 Food for Peace
funds are requested for assistance to the new independent states
(described below).
Central and Eastern Europe.
The budget proposes $450
million, a $50 million increase over the amount requested for FY
1992, to provide much needed technical resources to (now) 10
countries. Aid will be targeted toward, among other things,
establishing viable private sectors in recipient countries by
supporting (1) enterprise funds to make grants and loans to private
businesses, (2) privatization of government industry, and (3) further
development of democratic processes.
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Graphic: FY 1993 Requst for International Development and
Humanitarian Assistance: $8.4 billion*.
Data:
Development Assistance $2,916 (35%),
Central and Eastern
Europe adn Republics of the Former Soviet Union $870 (10%),
Food Aid $1,323 (16%),
Peace Corps $218 (3%),
Refugee Programs $570 (7%),
Enterprise for the Americas Initiative (Debt forgiveness) $286
(3%),
State Dept. Counter-Narcotics $173 (2%),
International Organizations and Programs $257 (3%),
Other $108 (1%),
Multilateral Development banks $1,689 (20%).
* Discretionary budget authority
Note: Development Assistance and foos aid provides additional
assistance to countries and regions identified sseparately. Central
and Eastern Europe and the Republics of the Former Soviet Union
includes $70 million for the European Bank fo rReconstruction and
Development.
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Counter-narcotics.
The Department of State has primary
responsibility for developing, implementing, and monitoring US
international counter-narcotics strategies and programs in support
of the President's National Drug Control Strategy. In FY 1993, $173
million is requested to support these programs through the
Department's Bureau of International Narcotics Matters. Of this
amount, $102 million is for activities in Latin America, including
$58 million to carry out the President's Andean strategy to counter
cocaine production and trafficking in Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia,
and $27 million is to combat cocaine and heroin trafficking and
opium production in Mexico. Also included in the FY 1993 request is
$40 million for inter-regional aviation support activities. These
programs are complemented by about $10 mil- lion in development
assistance programs devoted to counter-narcotics.
Development Assistance.
The budget proposes $2.9 billion
for bilateral development assistance to more than 70 countries.
This program provides economic resources to developing countries
with the aim of bringing the benefits of development to the poor.
Development assistance combines a continued emphasis on
sustainable, broad-based economic growth and humanitarian
assistance with initiatives that are responsive to rapidly changing
world events.
Two new initiatives proposed for FY 1993 are a $100-million
Capital Projects Fund to help recipient countries invest in the
infrastructure necessary to development and a $25-million Asian
Environmental Initiative to address the serious environmental
problems that constrain continued Asian economic growth. The
Asian Environmental Initiative will be implemented in partnership
with 16 other US Government agencies, the US private sector, and
the countries of Asia. The budget also requests $10 million in
Development Assistance funds for urgent basic human needs in the
new independent states with lower per capita income levels. (An
additional $5 million will be reprogrammed in FY 1992 for
development assistance, subject to congressional notification
procedures.)
Initiatives announced last year and proposed for continuation include
support for democracy, a partnership with American business to
expand its involvement in developing countries, and programs to
strengthen and increase participation of families in the development
process and to stem the spread of AIDS.
Food Aid.
The President's budget requests a total of $1.3
billion in food assistance under the PL 480 Food for Peace program.
This program taps the abundant agricultural productivity of the
United States to develop future export markets and help needy
people around the world. The request includes $356 million for the
long-term loan program (Title I), $640 million for emergency and
humanitarian relief (Title II), and $327 million for the bilateral
grant "Food for Development" program (Title III). Of the total
budget, $13 million will be used to provide "Farmer-to-Farmer"
training and technical expertise, including $10 million to send
farmers and agribusiness experts to support private farming and the
creation of private agricultural markets in the former republics of
the Soviet Union.
Enterprise for the Americas Initiative (EAI).
The EAI aims
to promote growth in Latin America and the Caribbean by engaging in
discussions to reduce barriers to trade, supporting our neighbors'
efforts to improve their investment climates, and reducing their
external debt burdens as an incentive for economic reform. Through
these efforts, the United States can improve the economic potential,
not just of Latin America and the Caribbean, but of the United States
as well. Promoting economic growth in Latin America will increase
US exports, create jobs for US workers, and create investment
opportunities.
The budget proposes $286 million in FY 1993 to cover the cost of
reducing debt owed to the United States by countries undertaking
growth-oriented economic reforms and investment liberalization.
The Administration also is requesting $100 million in FY 1993 for
the Multilateral Investment Fund. This fund, which will be
administered by the Inter-American Development Bank, will provide
technical advice and financial support to help countries liberalize
their investment regimes. Japan, Canada, Spain, and Portugal have
committed specific amounts for the Multilateral Investment Fund.
Several other European and Latin American countries are in the
process of determining the size of their contribution, which will
bring the total capitalization near the $1.5 billion target.
Multilateral Development Banks.
The Administration
requests $1.8 billion for contributions to the multilateral
development banks (MDBs) including $100 million for the
Multilateral Investment Fund (described above). The MDBs are a key
source of development loans to Third World countries. Ninety
percent of the funds requested for 1993 represent installment
payments to be made under previous multi-year agreements. A new,
4-year replenishment of resources is proposed for the Asian
Development Fund, with an initial US installment of $170 million in
1993. This will provide highly concessional loans to the smaller,
poorer countries of the region. In addition to their traditional role
in promoting economic reform and market-led growth in developing
countries, a number of MDBs will play a critical role in restructuring
the economies of Eastern Europe and the republics of the former
Soviet Union.
Refugee Programs.
The Department's FY 1993 budget
request includes $550 million for Migration and Refugee Assistance
(MRA) programs and $20 million to replenish the Emergency Refugee
and Migration Assistance Fund. It is estimated that more than 16
million refugees will require some form of international assistance
in FY 1993. Within the amount for MRA, a total of $265 million will
support international efforts to provide protection, care and
maintenance, local resettlement, and repatriation assistance to
refugees and conflict victims abroad. Assistance will be used to
support solutions to refugee situations whenever possible. The MRA
request also includes $208 million to support the admission of about
122,000 refugees for resettlement in this country. Fifty million
dollars is requested to support the resettlement of refugees in
Israel.
International Organizations and Programs (Voluntary).
In
addition to the larger mandatory payments to the United Nations and
related institutions discussed below, the State Department makes
voluntary contributions to 24 UN and other international
organization programs that carry out development, humanitarian, and
scientific activities. Budget authority of $257 million is requested
for these contributions.
The largest of the recipient organizations is the UN Development
Program (UNDP), which finances and coordinates technical
assistance to developing countries through the various UN agencies.
In 1991, the UNDP committed over $1 billion in technical aid. The
1993 US contribution to UNDP is proposed to be $124 million. The
UN Children's Fund (UNICEF), whose total program was over $390
million in 1991, is proposed to receive a $60-million voluntary
contribution in 1993. Other programs receiving voluntary funding
directly serve US interests by controlling nuclear non-proliferation
and improving the environment.
International Security Assistance (Budget Subfunction
152)
International security assistance consists of four components:
Foreign Military Financing (FMF), the Economic Support Fund (ESF),
International Military and Education Training (IMET), and Peace-
Keeping Operations (PKO). Using a mix of these components, the
United States is able to help friendly and allied countries with both
defense needs and economic well-being. Especially in the Third
World, security assistance programs are intended to enhance the
recipient nations' abilities to defend against aggression while
undertaking those reforms necessary to assure long-term economic,
political, and social stability. Security assistance provides funding
for multilateral peace-keeping operations (Cyprus and Sinai) and for
the training of recipient countries' military personnel in both
professional skills and in the principles necessary for an armed
forces to operate in a democratic society. It also enhances the
ability of civilian and military officials to manage defense
institutions and resources.
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Graphic:International Security Assistance: Discretionary Budget
Totals ($ million)
1991 1992* 1993
Budget
Authority 8,844 7,999 7,376
Outlays 9,561 7,628 7,366
*The President's budget proposes a $350 mil-lion amendment
(budget authority and outlays) to the FY 1992 Peace-Keeping
Operations account to pay for contributions toward new and
anticipated United Nations' peace-keeping activities. For display
purposes only, this amendment is shown in Conduct of Foreign
Affairs (Subfunction 153).
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Graphic: FY 1993 Request for International Security Assitance:
$7.4 billion.
Data:
Economic Support Fund 43,123 (42%),
IMET and Other $90 (1%),
Foreign Military Financing $4,163 (56%).
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Middle East.
Changing the Middle East from a war-torn and
violent region to one where peace and cooperation can thrive
remains one of the most critical challenges for the United States.
Creating the security and prosperity necessary for that transition
consumes almost three-quarters of our security assistance budget,
with just two countries (Egypt and Israel) accounting for about 60%
of those expenditures. The success we have had in getting all Middle
East parties to the bargaining table is in no small way due to the
wise use of security assistance funds in the region.
Counter-narcotics.
Our counter-narcotics efforts in the
Andean region are another important target for security assistance.
Most of this assistance is in the form of Economic Support Funds
that allow the recipient countries (Peru, Colombia, and Bolivia) wide
latitude in employing resources to help alleviate economic
dislocation and promote alternative economic activities in former
drug-producing areas. Military assistance is provided to those
countries where the military plays a supporting role in active
interdiction and other counter-narcotic operations.
Defense Cooperation.
Operations Desert Shield and Desert
Storm demonstrated the critical importance of defense cooperation
with friends and allies to our ability to defeat aggression. For
example, key base rights countries such as Portugal, Greece, and
Turkey gave the United States access to military facilities essential
to rapid deployment and subsequent support of US forces in the
Persian Gulf theater and provided other important assistance.
Security assistance programs have been and will remain key
elements of such vital cooperative relationships.
Republics of the Former Soviet Union.
For FY 1993, the
President requests $100 million in Economic Support Funds to
provide technical assistance to create and strengthen democratic
institutions, develop private markets, improve food distribution and
key humanitarian service systems, privatize governmental
organizations, encourage defense conversion activities, and support
energy conservation and environmental protection activities in the
former republics of the Soviet Union. (An additional $80 million in
FY 1992 ESF will be reprogrammed for technical assistance to the
former Soviet Union, subject to congressional notification
procedures.)
Conduct of Foreign Affairs (Budget Subfunction 153)
This category includes annual assessed payments that the United
States makes to the United Nations, its affiliated specialized
agencies, and to other international organizations. It also includes
the cost of State Department operations and diplomatic activities
abroad.
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Graphic: Conduct of Foreign Affairs Discretionary Budget Totals
($ million)
1991 1992* 1993
Budget
Authority
3,237 4,033 4,290
Outlays
3,283 3,908 4,106
*The President's budget proposes a $350 million amendment (budget
authority and outlays) to the FY 1992 Peace-Keeping Operations
account to pay for contributions toward new and anticipated United
Nations' peace-keeping activities. For display purposes only, this
amendment is shown here (with other assessed contributions to
the UN) but proposed for appropriation as part of International
Security Assistance. (Sub- function 152).
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State Operations.
The demise of the Soviet Union and the
end of the Cold War have produced unprecedented diplomatic
challenges and opportunities for our overseas missions to advance
American national interests, democratic values, and free-market
economic systems throughout the world. The FY 1993 request for
State Operations of $2.1 billion provides ongoing costs, including
operating costs for new post openings and expansions initiated in FY
1992 in the Baltics, republics of the former Soviet Union, and
Cambodia. In addition, the FY 1993 request includes limited
increases in funding for required investments to improve the
Department's domestic passport operations and financial
management systems.
Foreign Buildings Program.
The $600-million request for
FY 1993 represents the second year of the Department's
comprehensive 5-year plan to address our most urgent capital
requirements. Our request also includes funds for leases of
overseas residential, office, and support facilities, as well as for
critical maintenance and rehabilitation requirements. In addition,
$140 mil- lion of this amount is included to complete construction
of modern and secure facilities in Moscow.
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Graphic: FY Request for Conduct of Foreign Affairs: $4.3 billion.
Data:
Other $185 (4%),
UN and Other International Organizations $1,373 (32%), Foreign Buildings $600
(14%),
State Department Salaries adn Expenses 2,131 (50%).
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International Organizations.
The 1993 request recognizes
our international obligations and reflects the President's strong
commitment to the financial stability of the United Nations and
other international organizations. Events in the Persian Gulf,
combined with positive developments in Central America and
Southeast Asia, confirm the important role multilateral
organizations can play--with US leadership--in helping to create a
new world order based on democratic principles and rule of law.
Continued success requires patience, including the flexibility to
meet new and emerging requirements.
The 1993 request of $1,373 million, consistent with statutory and
policy restrictions, includes:
-- Full funding ($1,258 million) of our assessed contributions to 51
inter-national organizations, existing UN peace-keeping forces, and
emerging peace-keeping requirements (such as the UN forces planned
for Cambodia and, possibly, Yugoslavia) which are expected to be set
up as a result of the dramatic pace of international change.
-- $115 million to continue funding cumulative arrearages in
accordance with the President's plan for payment over a 5-year
period (1991-95). We are also requesting advance appropriations for
FY 1994 and FY 1995 of
$115 million (each year) in order to ensure funding to complete the
entire plan.
Foreign Information and Exchange (Budget Subfunction 154)
An important objective of the Administration is to increase
international understanding of American society and US foreign
policy. USIA seeks to do this through personal contacts, academic
and leadership exchanges, satellite television broadcasting, Voice of
America (VOA) broadcasts by radio, distribution of books and
periodicals, English-language teaching, and the operation of
libraries and cultural centers abroad. The Board for International
Broadcasting grants funds to Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty to
provide surrogate and alternative radio broadcasts to the people of
Eastern Europe and the republics of the former Soviet Union. This
category of spending also supports information and exchange
activities between the United States and Asia.
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Graphic: Foreign Information and Exchange Discretionary Budget
Totals ($ million)
1991 1992 1993
Budget
Authority 1,242 1,306 1,382
Outlays 1,253 1,341 1,382
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US Information Agency.
USIA's radio broadcasts,
educational and cultural exchanges, and other programs made
valuable contributions to the political revolutions in the countries
of Central and Eastern Europe and the republics of the former Soviet
Union and will continue to play an important role as these countries
build and develop democratic institutions and market economies.
The FY 1993 request of $1,144 million for USIA provides funds to
consolidate these successes of American values and diplomacy.
USIA has already opened new posts in the Baltics and other areas of
the former Soviet Union, and plans to open posts in Angola and Laos
later this year. It also has augmented staff and program activities
in key Central and East European posts, Moscow, and in the Persian
Gulf and undertaken new educational and cultural exchange programs
in the former Soviet Union and Central and Eastern Europe.
In 1993, USIA plans to build on these initiatives by opening more
new posts in the republics of the former Soviet Union, enhancing
program support for USIS Moscow, reestablishing a post in
Cambodia, and significantly enhancing Voice of America broadcasts
to China, including establishment of China research offices in Hong
Kong and Washington, DC, and additional staffing and other
improvements for the Chinese service.
The 1993 request also includes $106 million to continue the
modernization of VOA's transmitting facilities. A major new relay
station in Morocco will come on air in 1993. Work will be continued
on a new station in Thailand, which will enhance broadcasts to
China, South Asia, and the maritime provinces of the former Soviet
Union. Construction of new facilities required for broadcasts to
Africa, the Persian Gulf, and South Asia will also be undertaken.
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Graphic: FY 1993 Request for Foreign Information and Exchange
Activities: $1.4 billion.
Data:
Board for International Braodcasting $220 (16),
Other $18
(1%),
US Information Agency $1,144 (83%).
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Board for International Broadcasting.
The FY 1993 budget
request of $220 million maintains the surrogate/alternative
broadcasts of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty at about the 1992
level. As democratic governments are established in the countries
of Central and Eastern Europe and the republics of the former Soviet
Union, and as these countries develop reliable free media, the need
for these broadcasts will be reviewed.
International Financial Programs (Budget Subfunction 155)
This category of international affairs spending includes funding for
two major financial institutions, the Export-Import Bank (Eximbank)
and the International Monetary Fund.
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Graphic: International Financial Programs Discretionary Budget
Totals($ million)
1991 1992 1993
Budget
Authority 761 12,881 682
Outlays -30 91 312
*FY 1992 includes $12.3 billion in budget authority for an IMF quota
increase.
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The Export-Import Bank of the United States.
Eximbank
finances US exports through a variety of direct loans, loan
guarantees, and insurance programs. Eximbank programs assist US
exporters who require subsidized financing to compete with foreign
exporters who receive subsidies from their governments. The
requested FY 1993 appropriation of $682 million will support about
$11.4 billion in face value of financing. In 1993, Eximbank will
expand its assistance to small businesses, particularly through a
working capital guarantee program.
Through the effort of Eximbank and other federal agencies, the
developed countries have agreed to reduce subsidies for tied aid
credits, in which export credits are offered in combination with
direct foreign aid grants. This will support the Administration's
free trade objectives.
Graphic: international Affiars Descretionary Programs: FY 1991-
93 ($ million). (###)